Image data compression and it's effect on the accuracy of fringe-based images for 3-D gauging using a phase stepping method

This paper examines the effects of data compression on fringe images. Using the JPEG still image compression method firstly comparisons of errors introduced in a standard test image and in fringe images are made. The work shows that at compression levels of 6 : 1 a 512×512×8 bit fringe image can be reduced in size to allow a CCD digital camera to be directly connected for image input to the parallel port of a PC. The errors introduced into angular and smooth fringe images by the compression and decompression process are small, 0.06% and 0.14%, respectively. This enabled successful fringe analysis by a phase stepping system, with compression levels up to 16 : 1 using JPEG, before any significant artefacts were introduced into the processed images.     

9,10‐Di­phenyl‐9,10‐epi­dioxy­anthra­cene and 9,10‐di­hydro‐10,10‐di­methoxy‐9‐phenyl­anthracen‐9‐ol

9,10‐Di­phenyl‐9,10‐epi­dioxy­anthracene, C₂₆H₁₈O₂, (I), was accidentally used in a photo­oxy­genation reaction that produced 9,10‐di­hydro‐10,10‐di­methoxy‐9‐phenyl­anthracen‐9‐ol, C₂₂H₂₀O₃, (II). In both compounds, the phenyl rings are approximately orthogonal to the anthracene moiety. The conformation of the anthracene moiety differs as a result of substitution. Intramolecular C—H⃛O interactions in (I) form two approximately planar S(5) rings in each of the two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. The packing of (I) and (II) consists of molecular dimers stabilized by C—H⃛O interactions and of molecular chains stabilized by O—H⃛O interactions, respectively.     

Interaction of iodine species with glycogen at high concentrations of iodine

Glycogen–iodine (GI) complex formation has been studied at different concentrations of iodine and glycogen. For each glycogen concentration (0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.0313 g/L), the iodine concentration was varied from 0.0317 to 1.59 g/L and the absorbance readings were taken at 453 and 560 nm (GI wavelengths of maximum absorbance). The 453 nm absorbance curves for the GI solution (GI complex and unreacted iodine), and that of the pure iodine solution (without glycogen) level off at a high iodine concentration, and give a peak in the subtracted curve. The 560 nm curves consistently increase in absorbance, and no peak is noticed in the subtracted curve. The spectra of concentrated iodine solutions in water and alcohol suggest the formation of neutral iodine clusters. We suggest that these iodine clusters do not react with glycogen, and that the GI complex formation takes place by the addition of I₂ molecules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 927–931, 1997     

Synthesis Crystal Structure and Spectral Properties of New Sulfonamides

Journal of Chemical Crystallography - In this paper, we report new sulfonamide derivatives, 4-((2,4-dichlorophenylsulfonamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1), ethyl...     

p-Substituted Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amines as Ligands for Highly Active ATRP Catalysts: Facile Synthesis and Characterization

A facile and efficient two-step synthesis of p-substituted tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligands to form Cu complexes with the highest activity to date in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is presented. In the divergent synthesis, p-Cl substituents in tris(4-chloro-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA^3Cl) were replaced in one step and high yield by electron-donating cyclic amines (pyrrolidine (TPMA^PYR), piperidine (TPMA^PIP), and morpholine (TPMA^MOR)) by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The [Cu^II(TPMA^NR2)Br]⁺ complexes exhibited larger energy gaps between frontier molecular orbitals and >0.2 V more negative reduction potentials than [Cu^II(TPMA)Br]⁺, indicating >3 orders of magnitude higher ATRP activity. [Cu^I(TPMA^PYR)]⁺ exhibited the highest reported activity for Br-capped acrylate chain ends in DMF, and moderate activity toward C−F bonds at room temperature. ATRP of n-butyl acrylate using only 10–25 part per million loadings of [Cu^II(TPMA^NR2)Br]⁺ exhibited excellent control.     

Production of bscco bulk high <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis><Subscript>c</Subscript> superconductors by sol-gel method and their characterization by ftir and XRD techniques

The production of bulk high T _c superconducting phase (2223) by EDTA-gel (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) techniques has been investigated. It is shown that close control of pH is necessary for the production of a well-complexed precursor which allows subsequent decomposition in two stages at 300 and 800°C. The problem of carbonate formation was investigated experimentally and solved. Precursors are characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the sintering behaviour was monitored by dilatometry. At least three different phases Bi₂Sr₂Ca_x−1Cu_xO_8+y (BSCCO); where x=1, 2, 3 were identified within superconducting pellets using XRD, named as Bi₂Sr₂CuO₇ (2201), Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₉ (2212) and Bi₂Sr₂Ca₃O₁₀ (2223). The superconducting properties of the sintered samples were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Transition to a superconducting state around 80 K appeared in samples (sintered at 845°C) containing the Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁Cu₂O_y (2212) phase. Liquid phase sintering of the samples aided the formation of Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x (2223) phase at high temperature (860°C), which showed a superconducting transition temperature of 108 K.     

Ethyl (6aRS,8RS,12bRS)‐6‐oxo‐8‐phenyl‐6a,7,8,12b‐tetra­hydro‐6H‐benzo­[b]naphtho­[1,2‐d]­pyran‐6a‐carboxylate

In the title compound, C₂₆H₂₂O₄, the pyran­one ring adopts a twisted boat conformation, while the cyclo­hexane ring is close to an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the coumarin and naphthalene systems is 78.8 (1)°. The attached phenyl ring is in an equatorial position with respect to the cyclo­hexane ring.     

A ternary complex of aqua(18‐crown‐6)bis(o‐nitrophenolato)barium(II), the triaqua(18‐crown‐6)(o‐nitrophenolato)barium(II) cation and the o‐nitrophenolate anion

In the title compound [systematic name: tri­aqua(1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxa­cyclo­octa­decane‐κ⁶O)(2‐nitro­phenolato‐κO)­barium(II)–aqua(1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxa­cyclo­octa­decane‐κ⁶O)‐ bis(2‐nitro­phenolato‐κ²O,O′)­barium(II)–2‐nitro­phenolate (1/1/1)], [Ba(C₁₂H₂₄O₆)(C₆H₄NO₃)(H₂O)₃][Ba(C₁₂H₂₄O₆)(C₆H₄NO₃)₂(H₂O)](C₆H₄NO₃), the two Ba^II atoms encapsulated by the 18‐crown‐6 rings have different coordinations. Although both Ba^II atoms are coordinated to the six O atoms of the crowns, in the neutral moiety, the Ba^II atom is coordinated to one terminal O atom from a water mol­ecule, two phenolate O atoms and two nitro‐group O atoms, while in the cationic moiety, the Ba^II atom is coordinated to three terminal O atoms from water mol­ecules and one phenolate O atom. Both the crowns are eclipsed and translated along the b direction. In the asymmetric unit, the three components are interconnected by four O—H?O interactions. The packing is stabilized by two intermolecular C—H?O interactions and by one O—H?O interaction.